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Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene/NO

Biwu CHU, Jiming HAO, Junhua LI, Hideto TAKEKAWA, Kun WANG, Jingkun JIANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0476-x

摘要： Aerosol phase reactions play a very important role on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and metal-containing aerosols are important components in the atmosphere. In this study, we tested the effects of two transition metal sulfate salts, manganese sulfate (MnSO ) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO ), on the photochemical reactions of a toluene/NO photooxidation system in a 2 m smog chamber. By comparing photochemical reaction products of experiments with and without transition metal sulfate seed aerosols, we evaluated the effects of transition metal sulfate seed aerosols on toluene consumption, NO conversion and the formation of ozone and SOA. MnSO and ZnSO seed aerosols were found to have similar effects on photochemical reactions, both enhance the SOA production, while showing negligible effects on the gas phase compounds. These observations are consistent when varying metal sulfate aerosol concentrations. This is attributed to the catalytic effects of MnSO and ZnSO seed aerosols which may enhance the formation of condensable semivolatile compounds. Their subsequent partitioning into the aerosol phase leads to the observed SOA formation enhancement.

关键词： manganese sulfate     zinc sulfate     seed aerosols     toluene photooxidation     secondary organic aerosol    

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Influence of harvest date on seed yield and quality in forage kochia

Cody F. CREECH, Blair L. WALDRON, Corey V. RAMSOM, Dale R. ZOBELL, Joseph Earl CREECH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 71-79 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017196

摘要： Forage kochia ( ) is used for rangeland reclamation and livestock and wildlife forage, but limited research has been conducted on its seed production. Therefore, this research evaluated the effect of harvest date on seed weight, germination, and seed yield of forage kochia subspecies and . Seed was harvested from individual plants for 3 years during October, November, and December. October harvest had the lightest 100-seed weights, with the November harvest slightly heavier than December, for most accessions. Cultivar Snowstorm and breeding line Sahsel, both subsp. , had the greatest 100-seed weights in November, 155 and 143 mg, respectively, whereas, cv. Immigrant (subsp. ), the standard for forage kochia, ranked among the least for 100-seed weight. For most accessions, germination was lowest from the October harvest (11%–43%), with greater germination with November and December harvested seeds (43%–64%). Viable seed yields were greatest in November with the exception of two accessions, which peaked in October, indicating earlier maturity. Results indicate that forage kochia usually reaches optimum seed maturity by early November, after plants are exposed to freezing temperatures; however, earlier maturing accessions exist in both subspecies and .

关键词： forage     rangeland     seed germination     seed quality    

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Effects of seed particles Al

Xiao Zhang, Biwu Chu, Junhua Li, Chaozhi Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0936-4

摘要： Seed particles Al O , Al (SO ) and H SO were selected to investigate their effects on secondary aerosol (SA) formation in toluene/NO photooxidation under sulfur dioxide (SO ) and ammonia (NH ). Effect of seed particles on SA formation was related to their acid-base properties and the presence of acid or alkaline gases. Under NH -poor condition, SA formation increased with increasing SO concentration due to the acid-catalyzing effect of the oxidation products of SO (i.e. H SO ). The enhancing effect of SO became unobvious under NH -rich condition, because NH would eliminate the acid-catalyzing effect by neutralizing the acid products. Acidic seeds H SO accelerated SA formation under either SO or NH condition. Weak acidic Al (SO ) seeds didn’t affect obviously on SA formation. The inhibiting effect of amphoteric seeds Al O on SA formation was related to the presence of SO / NH due to their acid-base property. Under NH -poor condition, the inhibiting effect of Al O on SA formation decreased with increasing concentration of SO , while under NH -rich condition, the inhibiting effect wasn’t remarkable.

关键词： Seed particle     Secondary aerosol     Sulfur dioxide     Ammonia     Acid-catalyzing effect    

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Removal of virus aerosols by the combination of filtration and UV-C irradiation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1627-y

摘要：

● The removal of virus aerosols by filtration and UV-C irradiation was proposed.

关键词： Filtration system     UV-C irradiation     Virus aerosol     Public health     COVID-19    

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Multiple effects of grape seed polyphenolics to prevent metabolic diseases

Torey ARVIK, Hyunsook KIM, James SEIBER, Wallace YOKOYAMA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 351-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018235

摘要：

Obesity is increasing in developing countries. Population studies show a relationship between affluence and obesity. Changing food intake patterns with affluence such as preference for foods with less astringent polyphenolic compounds and dietary fibers may increase risk of metabolic dysfunctions due to caloric imbalance. Animal models of obesity consistently show that grape seed procyanidins prevent increases in body and abdo- minal adipose weight gain, plasma cholesterol, liver weight gain and inflammation in animals on high fat diets. The mechanisms are not clear because the oral intake of procyanidins results in pleiotropic interactions with proteins in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, cecum and colon that affect the rate of digestion of bioavailability of macronutrients, sterols, and dietary fiber. Procyanidins also bind bile acids and reduce intestinal permeability to inflammatory bacterial cell wall fragment. Procyanidins are not degraded or metabolized until reaching the lower gut where they can be metabolized into phenolic acids by gut bacteria. While they are metabolized by gut bacteria, they also alter total numbers and distribution of phyla and species of gut bacteria. Gut bacteria are recognized as significant contributors to obesity and obesity related metabolic diseases. The review examines the different pleiotropic effects of grape seed procyanidins that have a significant effect on metabolic disease in animal models of obesity.

关键词： grape seed     obesity     procyanidins     high fat     microbiota     animal models    

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Single particle analysis of ambient aerosols in Shanghai during the World Exposition, 2010: two case

Shikang TAO, Xinning WANG, Hong CHEN, Xin YANG, Mei LI, Lei LI, Zhen ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 391-401 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0355-x

摘要： A TSI Model 3800 aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for single-particle analysis in Shanghai during the World Exposition (EXPO), 2010. Measurements on two extreme cases: polluted day (1st May) and clean day (25th September) were compared to show how meteorological conditions affected the concentration and composition of ambient aerosols. Mass spectra of 90496 and 50407 particles were analyzed respectively during the two sampling periods. The ART-2a neural network algorithm was applied to sort the collected particles. Seven major classes of particles were obtained: dust, sea salt, industrial, biomass burning, organic carbon (OC), elementary carbon (EC), and NH -rich particles. Number concentration of ambient aerosols showed a strong anti-correlation with the boundary layer height variation. The external mixing states of aerosols were quite different during two sampling periods because of different air parcel trajectories. Number fraction of biomass burning particles (43.3%) during polluted episode was much higher than that (21.6%) of clean time. Air parcels from the East China Sea on clean day diluted local pollutant concentration and increased the portion of sea salt particle dramatically (13.3%). The large contribution of biomass burning particles in both cases might be an indication of a constant regional background of biomass burning emission. Mass spectrum analysis showed that chemical compositions and internal mixing states of almost all the particle types were more complicate during polluted episode compared with those observed in clean time. Strong nitrate signals in the mass spectra suggested that most of the particles collected on polluted day had gone through some aging processes before reaching the sampling site.

关键词： ambient aerosol     aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer     Shanghai     world exposition    

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Novel seed-assisted synthesis of indium tin oxide submicro-cubes and their resistivity

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 557-569 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2249-9

摘要： Indium tin oxide films, an important n-type semiconductor oxide, show great prospects in optoelectronic device applications. Consequently, as a key raw material of targets for sputtering films, it is important to prepare low-resistivity indium tin oxide powders. Herein, low-resistivity indium tin oxide submicro-cubes are synthesized by a seed-assisted coprecipitation method. The effects of seed content, In3+ concentration, aging time, reaction temperature and calcination temperature on resistivity were investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments. To ensure reliability and reproducibility of data, each experiment was repeated three times and resistivity of each sample was measured three times to obtain average value. The results indicated that optimal sample was matched with cubic phase In2O3. The single-crystal indium tin oxide particles exhibited a regular cubic shape with a size of nearly 500 nm and low resistivity of 0.814 Ω·cm. Compared with particles prepared by the conventional coprecipitation method, indium tin oxide submicro-cubes showed good dispersion. The presence of seed particles provided nucleation sites with lower energy barriers and promoted formation of submicro-cubes. The face-to-face contact among particles and good dispersion contributed to electron transfer, resulting in lower resistivity. The seed-assisted synthesis provides a novel way to prepare low-resistivity indium tin oxide submicro-cubes.

关键词： indium tin oxide     submicro-cubes     resistivity     seed-assisted coprecipitation method     orthogonal experiment    

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Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over Northern China: the impacts of heterogeneous

Meng Gao,Gregory R. Carmichael,Yuesi Wang,Dongsheng Ji,Zirui Liu,Zifa Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0878-2

摘要： Incorporating the missing heterogeneous oxidation of S(IV) by NO into the WRF-Chem model. Sulfate production is not sensitive to increase in SO emission. The newly added reaction reproduces sulfate concentrations well during winter haze. We implemented the online coupled WRF-Chem model to reproduce the 2013 January haze event in North China, and evaluated simulated meteorological and chemical fields using multiple observations. The comparisons suggest that temperature and relative humidity (RH) were simulated well (mean biases are -0.2K and 2.7%, respectively), but wind speeds were overestimated (mean bias is 0.5 m?s ). At the Beijing station, sulfur dioxide (SO ) concentrations were overpredicted and sulfate concentrations were largely underpredicted, which may result from uncertainties in SO emissions and missing heterogeneous oxidation in current model. We conducted three parallel experiments to examine the impacts of doubling SO emissions and incorporating heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO by nitrogen dioxide (NO ) on sulfate formation during winter haze. The results suggest that doubling SO emissions do not significantly affect sulfate concentrations, but adding heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO by NO substantially improve simulations of sulfate and other inorganic aerosols. Although the enhanced SO to sulfate conversion in the HetS (heterogeneous oxidation by NO ) case reduces SO concentrations, it is still largely overestimated by the model, indicating the overestimations of SO concentrations in the North China Plain (NCP) are mostly due to errors in SO emission inventory.

关键词： Sulfate aerosols     Winter haze     WRF-Chem     Northern China    

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Factors affecting the formation of zeolite seed layers and the effects of seed layers on the growth of

ZHANG Xiongfu, WANG Jinqu, LIU Hai′ou, WANG Anjie

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 172-177 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0032-6

摘要： The present study investigates the formation of silicalite-1 seed layers on a porous carbon support of 0.5 μm pore size and α-A1O supports with different pore sizes (0.1 μm and 4 μm) via the slip-casting technique. The effects of support property, seed size and solvent on the formation of seed layers were investigated in detail. The growth of silicalite-1 membranes on different seeded supports by hydrothermal synthesis was also evaluated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations indicate that a continuous seed layer can be obtained on the smooth support of 0.1 μm pore size by using any seed of 100 nm, 600 nm or 2.2 μm in size, whereas, on the coarse supports with either 0.5 μm or 4 μm pore size, a continuous seed layer cannot be formed using the above seed sizes and the same seeding time. At a longer contact time, a seed layer can also be formed using 100 nm seed on the supports with larger pore size. However, the layer is not uniform and smooth. For a hydrophobic porous carbon support, seeding ethanol suspension, which has weak polarity, favors the formation of a continuous seed layer. The seed layers and membranes grown from the smaller seed are more uniform and continuous and possess smoother surfaces than those from the larger seed. The seed layer and respective grown membrane formed from nanosized seed (100 nm) are the most uniform and compact. With this method of seeded secondary synthesis of zeolite membranes, the quality of a membrane mainly depends on the quality of the seed layer.

关键词： silicalite-1     α-A1O     growth     seeding ethanol     quality    

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Molecular regulation and genetic improvement of seed oil content in

Wei HUA,Jing LIU,Hanzhong WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第3期   页码 186-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016107

摘要： As an important oil crop and a potential bioenergy crop, L. is becoming a model plant for basic research on seed lipid biosynthesis as well as seed oil content, which has always been the key breeding objective. In this review, we present current progress in understanding of the regulation of oil content in , including genetics, biosynthesis pathway, transcriptional regulation, maternal effects and QTL analysis. Furthermore, the history of breeding for high oil content in is summarized and the progress in breeding ultra-high oil content lines is described. Finally, prospects for breeding high oil content cultivars are outlined.

关键词： breeding     maternal effects     oilseed rape     QTL    

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Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 55-64 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016091

摘要： Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index ( ) of maize for seed production with plastic film-mulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant ( ) was significantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity significantly increased stem partitioning index ( ) and leaf partitioning index ( ), and decreased ear partitioning index ( ) at harvest, but lowering N rate (from 500 to 100 kg N·hm ) did not significantly reduce , , and at harvest. was significantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing N rate. Linear relationships were found between , , , at harvest and and evapotranspiration ( ).

关键词： yield components     biomass partitioning     harvest index     irrigation     nitrogen     maize for seed production    

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Treatment of swine wastewater in aerobic granular reactors: comparison of different seed granules as

Lin LIU,Qiyu YOU,Valerie GIBSON,Xu HUANG,Shaohua CHEN,Zhilong YE,Chaoxiang LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 1139-1148 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0823-9

摘要： The granulation process, physic-chemical properties, pollution removal ability and bacterial communities of aerobic granules with different feed-wastewater (synthetic wastewater, R1; swine wastewater, R2), and the change trend of some parameters of two types of granules in long-term operated reactors treating swine wastewater were investigated in this experiment. The result indicated that aerobic granulation with the synthetic wastewater had a faster rate compared with swine wastewater and that full granulation in R1 and R2 was reached on the 30th day and 39th day, respectively. However, although the feed wastewater also had an obvious effect on the biomass fraction and extracellular polymeric substances of the aerobic granules during the granulation process, these properties remained at a similar level after long-term operation. Moreover, a similar increasing trend could also be observed in terms of the nitrogen removal efficiencies of the aerobic granules in both reactors, and the average specific removal rates of the organics and ammonia nitrogen at the steady-state stage were 35.33 mg·g VSS and 51.46 mg·g VSS for R1, and 35.47 mg·g VSS and 51.72 mg·g VSS for R2, respectively. In addition, a shift in the bacterial diversity occurred in the granulation process, whereas bacterial communities in the aerobic granular reactor were not affected by the seed granules after long-term operation.

关键词： aerobic granules     livestock wastewater     sequencing batch reactor     biological wastewater treatment     bacterial community    

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全球作物种业发展概况及对我国种业发展的战略思考

郑怀国,赵静娟,秦晓婧,贾倩,齐世杰

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第4期   页码 45-55 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.022

摘要：

种业是农业的“芯片”，是国家战略性、基础性核心产业。随着国家“解决好种子和耕地问题”“有序推进生物育种产业化”“开展种源‘卡脖子’技术攻关”等指导性意见的出台和重点任务的部署，种业已成为推动我国农业跨越式发展的重要引擎。本文从种质资源保护与利用、生物育种技术发展、种子产业发展等方面概述了全球作物种业的发展现状，基于国际视角深入分析了我国种业存在的问题；在此基础上，从实施国家种质资源战略、夯实种业发展基础，实施种业科技创新战略、实现原始性创新的突破，全面构建中国特色种业体系、提升产业竞争力，实施种业强企战略、强化企业创新主体地位，推进监管制度现代化、确保技术优势转化为产业优势等方面总结了对我国作物种业发展的启示。相关研究对于全面了解全球作物种业发展概况，及时发现并解决我国种业存在的问题，进而制定我国种业发展战略，推进我国生物育种关键技术突破，前瞻性规划种业的产业布局具有参考意义。

关键词： 国际种业，作物种业，种质资源，生物育种技术    

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Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

WANG Lihong, HUANG Xiaohua, ZHOU Qing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 364-369 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0053-5

摘要： Seed germination of plants with various acid-resistance display different responses to acid rain. To understand the reason why such differences occur, the effects of simulated acid rain (pH 2.5–5.0) on the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) during seed germination of rice (), wheat (), and rape ( var. ) were investigated. Results indicated that the maximum change in activities of CAT and POD by acid rain treatment with different acidity and time in relation to the referent treatment without acid rain, was in the order: rice (28.8%, 31.7%) < wheat (34.7%, 48.3%) < rape (79.3%, 50.0%). The pH level for which the treatment with acid rain did not cause significant difference ( < 0.05) was in the order: rice (3.5) > wheat (4.0) > rape (5.0). Moreover, the change in activity of POD was higher than that of CAT, which showed that POD was more sensitive to acid rain stress than CAT. The difference in the ability of POD and CAT in removing free radicals was one reason why the germination indexes of these three species behaved differently.
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Characterization of submicron aerosols in the urban outflow of the central Pearl River Delta region of

Zhaoheng GONG, Zijuan LAN, Lian XUE, Liwu ZENG, Lingyan HE, Xiaofeng HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 725-733 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0441-8

摘要： Submicron aerosol particles (with aerodynamic diameters less than 1 μm, PM ) were sampled and measured in Heshan, an urban outflow site of Guangzhou megacity in Pearl River Delta in South China, using an Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) in November 2010 during 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. The mean PM mass concentration measured was 47.9±17.0 μg·m during the campaign, with organic aerosol (OA) and sulfate being the two dominant species, accounting for 36.3% and 20.9% of the total mass, respectively, followed by black carbon (17.1%, measured by an aethalometer), nitrate (12.9%), ammonium (9.6%) and chloride (3.1%). The average size distributions of the species (except black carbon) were dominated by an accumulation mode peaking at ~550 nm. Calculations based on high-resolution organic mass spectrum showed that, C, H, O and N on average contributed 58.1%, 7.3%, 30.7%, and 3.9% to the total organic mass, respectively. The average ratio of organic mass over organic carbon mass (OM/OC) was 1.73±0.08. Four components of OA were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis, including a hydrocarbon-like (HOA), a biomass burning (BBOA) and two oxygenated (SV-OOA and LV-OOA) organic aerosol components, which on average accounted for 18.0%, 14.3%, 28.8% and 38.9% of the total organic mass, respectively.

关键词： organic aerosol     high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS)     positive matrix factorization    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene/NO

Biwu CHU, Jiming HAO, Junhua LI, Hideto TAKEKAWA, Kun WANG, Jingkun JIANG

期刊论文

Influence of harvest date on seed yield and quality in forage kochia

Cody F. CREECH, Blair L. WALDRON, Corey V. RAMSOM, Dale R. ZOBELL, Joseph Earl CREECH

期刊论文

Effects of seed particles Al

Xiao Zhang, Biwu Chu, Junhua Li, Chaozhi Zhang

期刊论文

Removal of virus aerosols by the combination of filtration and UV-C irradiation

期刊论文

Multiple effects of grape seed polyphenolics to prevent metabolic diseases

Torey ARVIK, Hyunsook KIM, James SEIBER, Wallace YOKOYAMA

期刊论文

Single particle analysis of ambient aerosols in Shanghai during the World Exposition, 2010: two case

Shikang TAO, Xinning WANG, Hong CHEN, Xin YANG, Mei LI, Lei LI, Zhen ZHOU

期刊论文

Novel seed-assisted synthesis of indium tin oxide submicro-cubes and their resistivity

期刊论文

Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over Northern China: the impacts of heterogeneous

Meng Gao,Gregory R. Carmichael,Yuesi Wang,Dongsheng Ji,Zirui Liu,Zifa Wang

期刊论文

Factors affecting the formation of zeolite seed layers and the effects of seed layers on the growth of

ZHANG Xiongfu, WANG Jinqu, LIU Hai′ou, WANG Anjie

期刊论文

Molecular regulation and genetic improvement of seed oil content in

Wei HUA,Jing LIU,Hanzhong WANG

期刊论文

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

期刊论文

Treatment of swine wastewater in aerobic granular reactors: comparison of different seed granules as

Lin LIU,Qiyu YOU,Valerie GIBSON,Xu HUANG,Shaohua CHEN,Zhilong YE,Chaoxiang LIU

期刊论文

全球作物种业发展概况及对我国种业发展的战略思考

郑怀国,赵静娟,秦晓婧,贾倩,齐世杰

期刊论文

Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

WANG Lihong, HUANG Xiaohua, ZHOU Qing

期刊论文

Characterization of submicron aerosols in the urban outflow of the central Pearl River Delta region of

Zhaoheng GONG, Zijuan LAN, Lian XUE, Liwu ZENG, Lingyan HE, Xiaofeng HUANG

期刊论文